General

• American Indian Education Accountability, Curriculum, Professional Development, Students, Family-Community, Programs, Resources
• American Indian Higher Education Consortium
• A Bibiliography of American Indian and Alaska Native Education Resources
• Beyond Cultural Discontinuity Dropout Rates among American Indian and Alaska Native Students
• "Both Indians and Students" M. Ambler From The Tribal College Journal - 1997
• Bilingual Education Policy and the Empowerment of American Indian Communities Teresa L. McCarty. From The Journal of Educational Issues of Language Minority Students, 1994
• Center for Indian Education Arizona State University
• Center for American Indian Research and Education Berkeley, California
• "Changes in American Indian Education: A Historical Retrospective for Teachers in the United States" J. Reyhner (1989)
• Cradleboard Teaching Project "The Cradleboard Teaching Project turns on the lights in public education about Native American culture - past, present, and most important for the children - the Future. It comes out of Indian country, and reaches far beyond, into the mainstream classroom and into the future of education. "
• A Critical Bibliography on North American Indians Smithsonian Institution: "Images of Native Americans are all around us. They appear in movies, television, books, and sports; are used as symbols and logos for tires, butter, the environment, carpeting, and automobiles; and show up at different times of year as Halloween costumes, in Boy Scout and Campfire Girl rituals, and as guests at Thanksgiving feasts. Few of these images have any basis in reality, drawn as they are from one of the most closely held beliefs of American mythology. Indeed, even Indians themselves sometimes have a difficult time separating the reality of their lives as human beings from the fantasy expected of them by the rest of America. "
• History and Facts about American Indian Education (1) "1776-1926 "Indian Education Means 'Assimilation'"; (2) "The 1920s: John Collier Leads Reform"; (3) "The 1930s: Indian Education Values Native Culture"; (4) "The 1940s: A Resturn to Assimilation and Away from Cross Cultural Training"; (5) "The 1960s: And Back Again!"; (6) "The 1980s and 1990s: Self-Determination for Native American Schooling is at Risk"; (7) "The New Millennium: Will the Goals be the Same this Time?"
• A History and Foundation of American Indian Education Policy 2001
• Issues in Native American Education The gap in educational achievement between white and non-white ethnic groups, cultural dissonance between the dominant and non-dominant culture, assimilation and integration of Native American culture, cultural perceptions of Native Americans by the "white" culture, classroom climate, and solutions. (Arizona State University 1997)
• Journal of American Indian Education Arizona State University
• Native American Education Links Professor Jon Reyhner, Northern Arizona University
• Native Education Directory Native Education Directory Organizations and Resources for Educators of Native Americans The Native Education Directory includes organizations, governmental agencies, and schools that are involved in the education of Native students and serve a statewide, multistate, or national audience.
• National Association for Bilingual Education
• National Indian Education Association
• Native Languages ProjectIncludes teaching curricula and readings on Native American languages
• Recent Conference Papers in American Indian Education IndianEduReserach.Net
• Re-invisioning American Indian Education M. Ambler. From the Tribal College Journal 1997.
• Tools for Educational Reserach and Development in American Indian Education
• White House Initiative on Tribal Colleges and Universities

American Indian Schools, Colleges and Universities

School, College and University Indices

• Tribal Colleges Past to Present From White House Initiative on Tribal Colleges and Universities Fact Sheets
• Index of American Indian Colleges and Universities
• Index of American Indian K-12 Schools
• Tribal Colleges and Locations
• Tribal Directory Click on the map area to find the tribe you are looking for.

Reservation-Located Colleges



Descriptions include: 1. Admissions, 2. Academics, 3. Cost and Financial Aid, 4. Student Body, 5. Student Life, 6. Services and Facilties

• Bay Mills Community College Brimley, Minnesota. Description
• Blackfeet Community College Browning, Montana. Description:
• Candeska Cicana Community College Fort Totten, North Dakota. Description
• Crownpoint Institute of Technology Crownpoint, New Mexico.
• Diné College Tsaile, Arizona. Diné College is definitely the place to be if you envision an education rich in Navajo culture, language, history and traditional teachings that integrate meaning and purpose into the western academic education. Description
• Chief Dull Knife College Lame Deer, Montana. Description
• Fond du Lac Tribal College Cloquet, Minnesota. Description
• Fort Belknap College Harlem, Montana. Description
• Fort Berthold Community College New Town, North Dakota. Description Fort Berthold Reservation information.
• Fort Peck Community College Poplar, Montana. Description
• Keweenaw Bay Ojibwa Community College Baraga, Michigan.
• Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwa Community College Hayward, Wisconsin. Description
• Leech Lake Tribal College Cass Lake, Minnesota. Description
• Little Bighorn College Crow Agency, Montana. Description
• Little Priest Tribal College Winnebago, Nebraska. Description
• College of the Menominee Nation Keshena, Wisconsin
• Oglala Lakota College Kyle, South Dakota. Description
• Oglala Lakota Nursing Department "Piya Wiconi" Pine Ridge, South Dakota.
• Salish Kootenai College Pablo, Montana. Description
• Sinte Gleska University Rosebud, South Dakota. Description
• Sisseton Wahpeton Community College Agency Village, Sisseton, South Dakota. Description
• Sitting Bull College Fort Yates, North Dakota. Description
• Stone Child College Box Elder, Montana. Description
• Turtle Mountain Community College Belcourt, North Dakota. Description
• White Earth Tribal and Community College Mahnomen, Minnesota

Non-Reservation-Located Colleges



Descriptions include: 1. Admissions, 2. Academics, 3. Cost and Financial Aid, 4. Student Body, 5. Student Life, 6. Services and Facilties

• Center for Indigenous Theatre
• Center for Multilingual-Multicultural Research: Native Americans
• D-Q University Davis, California. Description
• The 4Directions Community
• Haskel Indian Nations University Lawrence, Kansas. Description
• Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Development (IAIA) Santa Fe, New Mexico. Description
• Mashantucket Pequot Academy North Stonington, Connecticut
• Native American Educational Services: Fort Peck Campus and Menominee Campus
• Nebraska Indian Community College Macy, Omaha, Santee and S. Sioux City, Nebraska
• Northwest Indian College Bellingham, Washington. Description
• Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute Albuquerque, New Mexico. Description
• United Tribes Technical College Bismarck, North Dakota. Description

---

Education: Language and Culture

Learning Styles

• Alaska Native Education "Attempts to impose "Western" education on Alaska Natives began in 1784 when a Russian fur trader, Gregorii Shelikhov, established a trading post at Three Saints Bay on the southwest coast of Kodiak Island. After killing a large number of Alaska Natives and taking others hostage to gain a foothold on Kodiak, Shelikhov opened a school for young Natives. He taught them "the precepts of Christianity," arithmetic, and the Russian language."
• American Indian Learning Styles Survey: An Assessment of Teachers' Knowledge The Journal of Educational Issues of Language Minority Students, v. 13 pp. 59-77, Spring 1994.
• American Indian and Native Alaskan Learing Styles: Research and Practice "Educators of American Indian and Alaskan Native students are concerned for a growing number of students who do not find school a meaningful place."
• Assessment for American Indian and Alaska Native Learners The essay describes studies that have shown the inadequacies of these assessment methods as well as theories that attempted to explain the poor test results of the AI/AN population.
• Culturally Responsive Teaching for American Indian Students Includes sections on (1) Diversity within the American Indian Population, (2) Tribal Language Versus English, (3) Cultural Identity (4) American Indian Family Structure
  

  The Dene

• Dene Kede: Education: A Dene Perspective and A Dene view of the meaning of education. Excellent resource. A must for understanding the Dene point of view. Contains chapters on the place of elders,language, family in the Dene culture (Tribes of the Northwest Territories in Canada: eg. the Slavey, Yellowknife, the Dogrib, the Gwich'in)
• Inuuqatigiit Education from an Inuit (Eskimo) Perspective
• Native versus Non-Native Education Richard Fiordo. The Journal of American Indian Education, May 1988
• Teaching Native Studies Classroom awareness
• "Young Seminoles and Natural Math" From The Journal of Educational Issues of Language Monority Students 1996

  Language and Culture

• Alaska Native Knowledge Network (Aleut, Southeast, Athabascan, Inupiaq, Yup'ik) The Alaska Federation of Natives and the University of Alaska provide support for integrating Native Knowledge and ways of knowing into the educational systems of Alaska. (1) Native Pathways; (2) Alaska Native Cultural Resources; (3) Indigenous Knowledge Systems; (4) Indigenous Education Worldwide
• American Indian Culture and Curriculum: An Annotated Bibliography M. Hermes. From the Tribal College Journal 1997.
• Blueprints for Indian Education: Languages and Cultures Two important studies on Native education--Indian Nations At Risk: An Educational Strategy for Action (October 1991) and the Final Report of the White House Conference on Indian Education, Volumes I and II (May 1992)--identify as a national priority the need to retain Native languages both as central elements in Native cultures and as national resources.
• Cultural Diversity in the Classroom From Teacher Talk, School of Education, Indiana University
  
• Indian vs. Non-Indian Values
• Native Education: Language and Diversity One of the ten national goals for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN), which are similar to the National Goals established in 1989 by the Bush administration, involves maintaining Native languages and cultures.

  Language and Identity

• Effective Language Maintenance American Indian Language Issues: Language survival
• Language Maintainance at the College and University Levels
• "Maintaining Languages: What Works? What Doesn't?" Joshua Fishman
• Navajo Language Immersion Programs in Arizona Center for Excellence in Education, Flagstaff
• State of the Navajo Nation Address and Second Quarterly Report "The Dine' language is a very key element of our culture. Our elders have always reminded us that once we as Dine' lose our language, we will no longer be a people. Today it is discouraging to hear that only 70,000+ Navajo people speak our language, out of our total population of 275,000+. It is encumbent of you and I to ensure that our language does not die off and that we will continue to be 'the people'. It is of the utmost importance that our goal as a government is to nurture the development of a vision of what it is to be a Dine' in the coming century. The second most critical and fundamental principle is the preservation, protection and enhancement of Navajo sovereignty. " Presented to the Navajo Nation Council, Spring 1999
• "What Do You Lose When You Lose Your Language?" Joshua Fishman
• "What My Hualapai Language Means To Me" Damon Clarke

  Multiculturalism

• Multiculturalism: A Definition
• Native American Multicultural Education NAMES is an innovative adult education project that nurtures a reclaiming of individual power through the education process. Thereby it provides opportunities for employment, job advancement, vocational or college education, career-building, increased self-esteem, improved leadership potential and cultural understanding.
• Countering Prejudice Against American Indians and Alaska Natives Through Antibias Curriculum and Instruction

  Education Issues

• American Indian Education California Department of Education: Needs of American Indian Students, American Indian Education Programs, References. An excellent resource
• American Indian Education BiasThe Journal of Educational Issue of Language Minority Students, V. 15, Winter 1995. Boise State University
• Blueprints for Indian Education
• Drop-out Rates Among American Indian and Alaska Natives: Beyond Cultural Discontinuity Is cultural continuity the answer?
• Education Issues on Reservation Colleges From The Tribal College Journal - 1997 (Journal of American Indian Higher Education Consortium-AIHEC) Education: Bicultural-Bilingual
• Education Issues on Reservation Colleges 2 From The Tribal College Journal - 1997 (Journal of American Indian Higher Education Consortium-AIHEC)
• Effective Instructional Conversation in Native American ClassroomsNational Center on Cultural Diversity and Second Language Learning (1994)
• Internet Stategies for Empowering Indigenous Communities in Teaching and Learning A Paper presented at the 1996 Annual Conference of the Internet Society
• Indian Teacher and Educational Personnel
• Literacy in Native American Education University of New Mexico ESL/Bilingual Su mmer Institute
• "Native Scholarship: Explorations in the New Frontier" M. Ambler. From The Tribal College Journal - 1997 (Journal of American Indian Higher Education Consortium-AIHEC) Education: Bicultural-Bilingual
• "Reinvisioning American Indian Education" M. Ambler. From The Tribal College Journal - 1997 (Journal of American Indian Higher Education Consortium-AIHEC)
• A Short Statement on Indigenous Education Systems
• White House Initiative on Tribal Colleges and Universities Executive Order 13021 articulates six goals for the White House Initiative on Tribal Colleges and Universities: (1) Recognition & Participation: ensure that tribal colleges are more fully recognized as accredited institutions and that they have access to opportunities afforded to other higher education institutions. (2) Resource Streams: ensure that federal resources are committed to tribal colleges on an ongoing basis and that mechanisms are established for increasing access by the tribal colleges to federal resources. (3) Educational Opportunity: promote access to high-quality educational opportunities for economically disadvantaged students. (4) Native Culture & Language: promote preservation and revitalization of native languages and cultures. (5) Linkages in Education System: encourage innovative linkages between the tribal colleges, early childhood programs and elementary and high schools. National Education Goals: support the national education goals.

  Indigenous Language Education

  Featured SIte

  Indigenous Languages Across the Community (PDF texts) A compilation of papers presented at the Seventh Annual Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Symposium held in Toronto, Canada, on May 11-14, 2000. Barbara Burnaby and Jon Reyhner eds. 2002

  Apache

  "White Mountain Apache Language: Issues in Language Shift, Textbook Development, and Native Speaker-University Collaboration " 1997

  Arapaho

  "Going Beyond Words" 1997

  "Running the Gauntlet of an Indigenous Language Program" 1999

  Blackfoot

  Nizi Puh Wah Sin Blackfeet Immersion Schools

  The Piegan Institute

  "The Last Word" 2001

  The Piegan Institute: Immersion Learning of Blackfoot 1998

  "The Role of Language in the Preservation of a Culture" 1999

  Cherokee

  "The Echota Cherokee Language: Current Use and Opinions About Revival" 1997

  Choctaw

  Television Programming in Choctaw and Creek 1997

  Choctaw Language Immersion Mississippi Band of Choctaw

  Creek

  Language Immersion Camps in Mvskoke (Creek) 2000

  Creek: Preserving an Endangered Language

  Comanche

  Language Records 1997

  Hawaiian

  Hawaiian Parallels [to Indigenous Language Programs] 1991

  "Hawaiian Language Programs" 1996

  "Leoki: A Powerful Voice of Hawaiian Language Revitalization" 1997

  "Two Higher Education Programs which Promote Navajo and Hawaiian" 1998

  "The Effect of Technology, Computers, and the World Wide Web 2000

  Hawaiian in Hawaii 2000

  Hawaiian Laguage, Literacy and Technology: Language Revitalization, Self-Determination and Soveriegnty" 2000

  "The Hawaiian Language Immersion Program" 2000

  "Teaching in a Hawaiian Context: Educator Perspectives on the Hawaiian Language Immersion Program" 2000

  Aha Punana Leo [Hawaiian Language Nests] 2001

  Hualapai

  "The Power of American Indian Parents and Communities" 1995 PDF

  "What my Hualapai Language Means to Me" 1996

  Four Successful Indigenous Language Programs" 1997

  Hopi

  "Keeping Cultures, and Communities, Strong on Hopi" 2000

  "Hopi Language Carried in the Air" 2001

  Lakota/Dakota

  Broadcasting in Dakotah on KLND 1998

  Lakota Language Revitalization (Pine Ridge)

  "Maintaining Lakota on the Cheyenne River Reservation" 2001

  "Revitalizing Lakota" 2000

  Micmac, Maliseet

  Immersion Programs 1997

  Navajo

  "A Description of the Rocky Point School Bilingual Education Program" 1990

  "When Literacy Empowers: Navajo Language in Print" 1992

  Tuba City's Two-Way Bilingual Language Program 1993

  "Restructuring of Language and Literacy in a Navajo Community School 1994

  "Change from the Inside Out: A Story of Transformation in a Navajo Community School" 1995

  "Maintaining and Renewing Indigenous Languages" 1995

  "Navajo Language Education: Retrospect and Prospects" 1995

  "Navajo Nation Long-Range Navajo-Language Goals" 1995

  "Mother Tongue Literacy and Language Renewal: The Case of Navajo" 1996

  "Navajo Immersion Program at Fort Defiance Elementary School" 1996

  "Tuba City" 1996

  "An Initial Exploration of the Navajo Nation's Language and Culture Initiative" 1997

  "Tuning in to Navajo: The Role of Radio in Native Language Maintenance" 1997

  "Two Higher Education Programs which Promote Navajo and Hawaiian" 1998

  "Language Revitalization in Navajo/English Dual Language Classrooms" 2000

  "Teaching Dine Language and Culture in Navajo Schools: Voices from the Community" 2000

  Nez Perce

  "Assessment of Culture as a Protective Factor Among Native Americans: The Survey of the Nez Perce Culture 1995

  Omaha

  Omaha Language Curriculum Development 2000

  Paiute

  Paiute Preschool Immersion Program 2000

  Pima-Maricopa

  "Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community Bilingual Program " 1996

  Ponca

  "Ponca Culture in Our Own Words" 2000

  Tohono O'Odham

  "The Continuum of Literacy in American Indian Communities" 1995 (PDF)

  "Written Statement" 1996

  Dictionary Development 1997

  Ute

  "Written Ute English: Texture, Construction, and Point of View " 1990

  Yaqui

  "Yaqui Voices: Public Schooling Experiences of Urban American Indian Students" 1994

---

Acculturation and Assimilation

• Assimilation through Education: Indian Boarding Schools in the Pacific Northwest Essay and photograph collection. University of Washington.
• The Boarding and Mission School Years Central Illinois University and the Clark Historical Library. Persepctives on education: the white and American Indian
• "Education of Native Americans: Hampton Institute 1878-1923" and its history Susan Han, Duke University
• The Carlisle Indian School it's history and roster of students (1879-1918) "The common schools are the stomachs of the country in which all people that come to us are assimilated within a generation. When a lion eats an ox, the lion does not become an ox but the ox becomes a lion." Henry Ward Beecher
• "Naming the Indians." American Monthly Review of Reviews 15 (Mar. 1897): 301-307. (by Frank Terry: Superintendant of US Boarding School For Crow Indians, Montana. 1897)
• 19th Century Native American Education: Kill the Indian Save the Man Duke University
• "Simon Pokagon on Naming the Indians." American Monthly Review of Reviews 16 (Sept. (1897): 320-321.
• "The School Days of an Indian Girl" Zitkala-Sa (1900)
• "I Just Loved That School" Henrietta Chief (Winnebago) recalls an Indian Boarding School at the beginning in the early twentieth century. ( A 1970 interview)

Return to Main Resource Menu

---

---

Copyright © 1997-2002 by Will Karkavelas. Osaka University, All Rights Reserved.