Slavery

• America's Journey through Slavery A major collection of images, documents, storeis, biographies and commentaries.
• A Day in the Life of a Slave
• Africa to America Reference with oral text
• The African Exodus
• Black Resistance: Slavery in the United States Chronolgy of revolts, women resistance, Africa to America "The Middle Passage"
• A Chronology of Slavery in the Americas
• The Conditions on an English Slaver A description by English physician, Alexander Falconbridge (1788)
• "The Economics of the African Slave Trade" An essay by A. Thomas (Univ. of Pennsylvania)
• The Emancipation Proclamation (1863) 13th Amendment to the US Constitution bans slavery
• "The Henrietta Marie in Perspective and "A Slave Ship Speaks" Essays by Dinizulu Gene Tinnie, President of the African American Caribbean Cultural Arts Commission
• The Wreck of the Henrietta Marie An English merchant slaver (1700)
• Juneteenth: June 19th as a Symbol of Freedom
• Life as a Slave: The Historical Background A PBS special
• Major Revolts and EscapesIncludes the Nat Turner Rebellion (1831)
• Slave Sale Broadside (1835)
• Slave Law
• The Origins of the Slaves
• Slave RevoltsReference with oral text
• The Slave Trade 1619-
• The Underground Railroad
• Women's Resistance Reference with oral text

  Documents

  • An Address to the Loyal Citizens and Congress of the United States of America adonpted by a convention of Negroes held in Alexandria, Virginia (August 2-5, 1865)
  • The Bible and Slavery A discussion of a quote from Leviticus 25:44-46
  • The Earliest Protest against Slavery Resolutions of Germantown Mennonites : February 18, 1688
  • Runaway Slave Reward Broadsides From the Duke University Library Collection
  • The Confessions of Nat Turner (1800-1831) An analysis
  • Documents and Discussions Concerning Slavery and African American Identity U.S. Constitution, Booker T. Washington, William E. B. DuBois, Nat Turner, Frederick Douglass
  • The Emancipation Proclamation Abraham Lincoln (1863)
  • The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution (1868) (No State shall) "deprive any person of life, liberty or property...nor deny to any person...equal protection of the laws."
  • The Fugitive Slave Act (1850)
  • The Slave Trade, Domestic and Foreign Henry Carey (1853)
  • The Thirteenth Amendment (1865) The states ratify a constitutional amendment guaranteeing that "neither slavery nor voluntary servitude...shall exist."

  Essays on Slavery

  • "The African Diaspora: Revisionist Interpretations of Ethnicity, Culture and Religion under Slavery" by Paul E, Lovejoy
  • "The Alternative" by William Henry Holcombe - in defense if the southern institution of slavery
  • "On Borrowed Ground: Free African American Life in Charleston, South Carolina (1810-61)" by Jason Poole
  • "Picturing Slavery" A Commentary on the February 1996 exhibition in the Martin Luther King, Jr. Public Libarary, Washington, D.C.
  • "Proyecto: Puente Africa-America en la Ruta de Esclavo" by Nina de Friedeman (In Spanish with English Abstract)
  • "The Transition from the Slave Trade to 'Legitimate' Commerce" by Robin Law, Stirling University, Scotland

  Oral Texts

  • European Slave Trader Describes the Slave Trade John Barbot (1682)
  • Frederick Douglas Assesses the Meaning of Emancipation (1880)
  • "The Last Should be the First" Nat Turner explains why he led his revolt against slavery
  • "A Multitude of Black People Chained Together" Olaudah Equiano describes the Middle Passage (1789)
  • Testimony of Canadian Fugitive Slaves Though Benjamin Drew, Boston abolitionist (ca. 1850)
  • "We Ought to be Considered as Men" Jackson Cherry (1865)

  The Middle Passage

  • Below Deck Aboard the Slave Ship A Desription
  • Black Resistance: Slavery in the United States Chronology of revolts, women resistance, Africa to America "The Middle Passage"
  • The Middle Passage
  • Loading Plan of a Slave Ship: Loose Pack and Tight Pack: Illustrations
  • The Voyage from Africa

Oral Histories

• An African American Odyssey From Black Heritage Sites: An African American Odyssey and Finders Guide(1997)
• An Attack by the Ku Klux Klan Elias Hill (1872)
• Black Elders of Portsmouth, N.H. An oral history project
• A Comparison of Working Conditions on Tobacco and Cotton Plantations Charles Ball (1858)
• Conjuration and Christianity Henry Bibb (1849)
• A Description of Sharecropping Henry Blake (1937)
• Family Separations Laura Spicer (1869)
• Follow the North Star to FreedomMargaret Ward (1879)
• The Material Conditions of Plantation Slave Life James Stroyer (1898)
• Punishment of Runaway Slaves Moses Roper (1837)
• The Slave Auction James Martin (1937)
• A Slave Funeral Charles Ball describes the African customes involved (1837)
• Slave Housing, Diet and Clothing Josiah Henson (1877)
• Slavery and the Family Lewis Clarke (1846)
• The Working Conditions of Slaves on a Louisiana Plantation Solomon Northrup (1853)

Buffalo Soldiers

• Buffalo Soldiers Statistics provided by the Discovery Channel
• The Buffalo Soldier Project A project that originated with General Colin Powell when Deputy Commander of Fort Leavneworth (1981-82)
• The Buffalo Soldiers on the Western Frontier The 9th Cavalry
• The Buffalo Soldiers on the Western Frontier The 10th Cavalry
• The Buffalo Soldiers on the Western Frontier Daily life on the frontier
• Cathy Williams: Black Woman Soldier (1886-1887), Oral presentation to the West Texas Historical Society
• 1866: Congress Creates the First Peace-Time African-American Units
• Female Buffalo Soldier History finally takes note of her story
• The Last of the Buffalo Soldiers A modern-day history of African American units in the military in US News and World Report (5/96)

Civil Rights

• The Black Panthers
• Desegregation in Little Rock 40 Years After: September 27, 1997 A PBS Online Newshour Discussion
• Desegregation: A Personal Story A conversation with Ruby Bridges Hall: the first African American child to desegregate an elementary school in 1960

  Affirmative Action

  • Affirmative Action A history
  • Affirmative Action: Pro and Con
  • Affirmative Action and the University of California at Berkeley
    

    UC Berkeley Campus

  • Beyond Affirmative Action: Affirmative Reaction Does California's ban on affirmative action hurt diversity? (A PBS discussion of the UC Berkeley case: August 18,1997)
  • California's Proposition 209 The constitutional amendment that would end the state's affirmative action programs (PBS, December 1996)
  • Losing Diversity PBS (April 1, 1998)

  The Law

  • Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) Supreme Court declares racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional
  • Civil Rights Act, 1964
  • Civil Rights Act of 1991
  • Civil Rights: A Status Report
  • The Dred Scott Decision (1857) The Supreme Court rules (the Taney Decision) that American-Born slaves have no rights under the Constitution.
  • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Enforces laws that prohibit job discrimination
  • Plessy vs Ferguson (1896) Court case rules "separate but equal"
  • Protests and Civic Unrest (1955-) A general overview
  • Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC, 1957-)
  • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, 1960-)
  • Updating the Kerner Commission Report (1968): March 2, 1998 Thirty years ago a presidential panel found that races were becoming more separate and unequal. A newly relaesed report says the situation has worsened.

  American Civil Rights Leaders

  • Josephine Baker (born: Freda Josphine McDonald) 1906-1975
  • Malcolm X: A Research Site His experience, intellectual production, study guide
  • Malcolm X (born: Malcolm Little) 1925-1965: Introduction, early life, Nation of Islam, chaging beliefs, legacy
  • Medgar Evers (1925-1963)
  • Reverend Jesse Jackson 1941- : Civil Rights Leader
  • Rosa Parks: An Essay
  • "The Narrative of Rosa Parks" (born: Rosa Louisa McCauley) 1913- :from The Black Collegian Magazine 1997
  • Sojourner Truth (Isabella Baumfree)
  • Stokely Carmichael (1941-1998)
  • Text of Martin Luther King's 1963 Washington Speech: "I Have a Dream" and the Real Audio version
  • Voices of the Civil Rights Era Martin Luther King, Jr. (born: Michael L. King) 1929-1968

Timelines

• African American Dates in Time
• African American History (1817-1843)
• Timeline of African American History (1852-1880)
• Timeline of African American History (1881-1900)
• Timeline of African American History (1901-1925)
• Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement (1954-1965) Photographic commentary on: Brown v. Board of Education, Montgomwery Bus Boycott, Little Rock Desegregation, Sit-in Campaign, Freedom Riders, Mississippi, Birmigham, March on Washington, Selma
• Race Timeline University of Texas
• A Timeline of the Civil Rights Movement

Maps

• African Slave Trade to the Americas and Europe 1500-1800
• The Atlantic Coast of Western Africa
• A Clickable Map of the African Continent
• Cotton and Slaves in the South Slaves as a percentage of the population: 1860
• A Map of the African Diaspora in the Americas (ca. 1800)
• A Map of the African Diaspora in Europe, the Middle East and Asia
• Map of the Southern States (Burgess) 1839
• "Reynold's Political Map of the United States: The Comparative Area of the Slave and Free States and the Area Open to Slavery or Freedom by the Repeal of the Missouri Compromise"Historical 19th-Century US Map

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